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Fig. 6 | BMC Palliative Care

Fig. 6

From: Advancing the integration of biosignal-based automated pain assessment methods into a comprehensive model for addressing cancer pain

Fig. 6

Cluster analysis for opioid therapy. Legend: The study identified three distinct clusters through principal component analysis. Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) explained 35.2% of global variability across 10 categorical variables and 22 modalities. Cluster 1 (27 patients) had no medication, mostly low Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status scores, no chemotherapy, and no metastases, with no or minimal pain reported. Cluster 2 (14 patients) consisted of patients all on chemotherapy, with low ECOG scores, and some experiencing neuropathic pain. Cluster 3 (23 patients) showed 100% opioid usage, high ECOG scores, MED > 60, and a high prevalence of bone metastases breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP)

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BMC Palliative Care

ISSN: 1472-684X

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