Effect of motivational interviewing to promote advance care planning among palliative care patients in ambulatory care setting: a randomized controlled trial

Table 2 Generalized estimating equation models for the intervention effects on the readiness for ACP behaviors

Readiness for ACP behaviors^a	Mean (SD)		Time effect		Group*Time effect
Readiness for ACP behaviors^a	Intervention (n = 102)	Control (n = 102)	β (95% CI)	p	β (95% CI)	p
Appointing proxy for EOL care decisions
T0	2.00 (0.16)	2.24 (0.14)	/	/	/	/
T1	3.43 (0.17)	2.85 (0.18)	0.62 (0.22, 1.01)	0.002	0.81 (0.26, 1.36)	0.004
T2	3.84 (0.14)	3.28 (0.18)	1.04 (0.64, 1.44)	< 0.001	0.80 (0.25, 1.35)	0.005
Discuss EOL care with family
T0	2.02 (0.16)	2.34 (0.14)	/	/	/	/
T1	3.46 (0.17)	3.04 (0.18)	0.70 (0.29, 1.11)	< 0.001	0.74 (0.19, 1.29)	0.008
T2	3.90 (0.14)	3.47 (0.18)	1.12 (0.72, 1.53)	< 0.001	0.76 (0.22, 1.31)	0.006
Discuss EOL care with medical doctors
T0	2.03 (0.15)	2.22 (0.14)	/	/	/	/
T1	3.11 (0.17)	2.66 (0.18)	0.44 (0.03, 0.85)	0.034	0.64 (0.10, 1.18)	0.021
T2	3.84 (0.14)	3.17 (0.17)	0.95 (0.54, 1.37)	< 0.001	0.86 (0.30, 1.42)	0.003
Documenting EOL care preferences
T0	1.70 (0.12)	1.81 (0.12)	/	/	/	/
T1	2.33 (0.16)	1.91 (0.15)	0.10 (-0.22, 0.42)	0.543	0.53 (0.09, 0.98)	0.019
T2	3.05 (0.17)	2.28 (0.17)	0.47 (0.10, 0.84)	0.013	0.89 (0.36, 1.41)	< 0.001

Footnotes: EOL, end-of-life; T0, baseline; T1, 1-month post-allocation; T2, 3-month post-allocation

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