Effects of palliative care consultation service on decedents experiencing end-stage heart failure: a 4-year observational study

Table 2 Difference in characteristics between end-stage heart failure decedents with PCCS and those without PCCS

Variables	no PCCS (n = 60)		PCCS (n = 60)		P-value
Age	73.95	± 14.83	78.13	± 16.59	0.0449
Gender					0.0041
Male	47	78.33%	31	51.67%
Female	13	21.67%	29	48.33%
Education					0.8356
Illiterate	7	11.67$%	8	13.33%
Elementary school	21	35.00%	21	35.00%
High school	22	36.67%	18	30.00%
College	10	16.67%	13	21.67%
Ejection fraction	32.02	± 12.8	37.05	± 15.37	0.085
Length of stay	22.72	± 49.72	36.75	± 57.04	0.1535
Specialty of wards					0.0648
Others	20	33.33%	31	51.67%
CV or CVS	40	66.67%	29	48.33%
Treatments/ experience during 30 days before death
Pacemaker					0.7609
No	55	91.67%	53	88.33%
Yes	5	8.33%	7	11.67%
Hemodialysis					0.1427
No	28	46.67%	37	61.67%
Yes	32	53.33%	23	38.33%
Blood transfusion					0.582
No	35	58.33%	31	51.67%
Yes	25	41.67%	29	48.33%
Nasogastric tube					0.8195
No	13	21.67%	11	18.33%
Yes	47	78.33%	49	81.67%
Total parenteral nutrition					0.4958
No	60	100.00%	58	96.67%
Yes	0	0.00%	2	3.33%
CPR					0.0105
No	48	80.00%	58	96.67%
Yes	12	20.00%	2	3.33%
BIPAP					0.2717
No	24	40.00%	31	51.67%
Yes	36	60.00%	29	48.33%
Endotracheal tube					0.1921
No	32	53.33%	40	66.67%
Yes	28	46.67%	20	33.33%
ECMO					0.1921
No	32	53.33%	40	66.67%
Yes	28	46.67%	20	33.33%
Opioid use					0.0128
No	28	46.67%	14	23.33%
Yes	32	53.33%	46	76.67%
Sedatives					1
No	37	61.67%	38	63.33%
Yes	23	38.33%	22	36.67%
ICU admission					0.7119
No	24	40.00%	27	45.00%
Yes	36	60.00%	33	55.00%
Emergency admission					0.295
No	11	18.33%	6	10.00%
Yes	49	81.67%	54	90.00%
Hospitalization for more than 14 days					< 0.0001
No	39	65.00%	15	25.00%
Yes	21	35.00%	45	75.00%
Hospitalization more than twice					0.2207
No	47	78.33%	53	88.33%
Yes	13	21.67%	7	11.67%
Die in hospital					0.7084
No	22	36.67%	25	41.67%
Yes	38	63.33%	35	58.33%
DNR					0.0018
No	13	21.67%	1	1.67%
Yes	47	78.33%	59	98.33%

IDD, impending death discharge; CV, cardiovascular medicine; CVS, cardiovascular surgery; HF, heart failure; PCCS, palliative care consultation service; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; BIPAP, Biphasic Positive Airway Pressure; ECMO, Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ICU, intensive care unit; DNR, do not resuscitate

ISSN: 1472-684X