Table 2 Frequency of reported side effects category of lidocaine usage for Cough in respiratory patients and their examples reviewed in table

No side effect reported

40

- Hunt et al. (1996) [55]- von Schönfeld et al. (1996)- M L Decco et al. (1999) [58] - K. Nozaki et al. (2001) [59] - C-F Chong et al. (2005) [11] - Shigekazu Sugino et al. (2006) [61] - Keiko Saito et al. (2006) [62] - Pyng Lee et al. (2007) [63] - Miroslava Kapala et al. (2007, 2009) [64]- Tammy Abuan et al. (2010) [98] - A. Molassiotis et al. (2010) [65] - K. Stuart-Smith et al. (2012)- Laura A Nafe et al. (2013) [99] - Naomi Ono et al. (2014) [67] - Casilda Olveira et al. (2014)- Adrian Sultana et al. (2017)- F Tatulli et al. (2018) [100] - Ananya Mahalingam-Dhingra et al. (2022) [101] - Yongbin Wang et al. (2023) [70]

Mild Side Effects

2

- C-F Chong et al. (2005) [11] (oropharyngeal numbness, bitter taste)

- H Groeben et al. (2000) [90] (airway irritation)

Bronchoconstriction/Airway Irritation

7

- J E Fish et al. (1979)- L.G. McAlpine et al. (1989) [83] - H Groeben et al. (2000) [90] - Herng-Yu Sucie Chang et al. (2007) [94] - Burches et al. (2008) [96] - Chih-Chuan Lin et al. (2008) [97] - Laura A Nafe et al. (2013) [99]

Worsened Respiratory Function

2

- D Murciano et al. (1982) (decreased PaO2, increased PaCO2)

- Herng-Yu Sucie Chang et al. (2007) [94] (airway narrowing)

Systemic Side Effects

2

- Chih-Chuan Lin et al. (2008) [97] (hypotension)

- Burches et al. (2008) [96] (bronchospasm)

Transient or Self-Limited Side Effects

2

- Burches et al. (2008) [96] (transient bronchospasm)- H Groeben et al. (2000) [90] (transient airway irritation)